Toward Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Regulation: Integrating Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah and Indonesian Positive Law

Mustopa; Moh Mahbub

doi:10.65049/f66wxj14

Authors

Mustopa Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Author
Moh Mahbub Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65049/f66wxj14

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Maqāṣid al-Syarī'ah, Artificial Intelligence Regulation, Legal Protection

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has driven digital transformation across various sectors and provided benefits in terms of increased efficiency, productivity, and innovation. However, its use also raises various legal and ethical issues, such as privacy violations, misuse of personal data, algorithmic discrimination, digital fraud based on deepfakes and voice cloning, and uncertainty regarding legal liability. To date, Indonesia has not yet established specific regulations that comprehensively govern AI; consequently, its regulation remains sector-specific and scattered across various laws and regulations. This study aims to analyze the urgency of regulating Artificial Intelligence based on Indonesian positive law and the principles of Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah, as well as to formulate an adaptive regulatory framework oriented toward the public interest. This study employs a normative legal research method, using both a statutory and a conceptual approach, supported by a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The results indicate that current AI regulations in Indonesia have not adequately addressed aspects such as algorithmic transparency, accountability, risk classification, personal data protection, and adequate oversight mechanisms. From the perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah, AI is an instrument whose legal status is determined by the purposes and impacts of its use; therefore, it must be directed toward achieving public interest and preventing harm. Therefore, comprehensive AI regulation is needed, through the establishment of an umbrella regulation that integrates the principles of public interest, human rights protection, transparency, accountability, human oversight, and risk mitigation, to achieve adaptive, equitable, and human-centered AI governance.

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