THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES IN THE APPLICATION OF THE MINIMUM AGE OF MARRIAGE: AN ISLAMIC LAW AND STATUTORY LAW PERSPECTIVE IN THE MUSLIM WORLD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65049/5sz9v212Keywords:
minimum legal age of marriage, Islamic law, marriage legislation, comparative law, child protectionAbstract
The regulation of the minimum legal age of marriage remains one of the most debated issues in contemporary Islamic family law. Although Muslim-majority countries share common Islamic legal foundations, they have adopted different statutory age requirements for marriage. These variations reflect not only differing interpretations of classical and contemporary Islamic legal sources but also the influence of social, cultural, political, and legislative considerations. This study aims to analyse the theoretical foundations of Islamic law concerning the minimum age of marriage, examine the legal age limits established across the Muslim world, explore the differences in their implementation, and evaluate their implications for the social status and well-being of women and children. The research employs a library-based research design using a comparative legal approach. It analyses and compares marriage legislation in Muslim-majority countries concerning the minimum legal age of marriage through vertical, horizontal, and diagonal comparative analyses. The study relies on both primary and secondary legal materials, which are examined using qualitative content analysis. The findings demonstrate that the diversity of minimum marriage age regulations across the Muslim world stems from the tension between the normative framework of classical fiqh, which recognises biological maturity (bulūgh) as the principal criterion for marriage eligibility without prescribing a specific numerical age, and modern statutory legal systems that emphasise public welfare (maṣlaḥah mursalah), child protection, and the promotion of gender equality through the establishment of minimum legal age requirements. Differences among Muslim-majority countries are further shaped by variations in istinbāṭ (Islamic legal reasoning), the influence of different schools of Islamic jurisprudence (madhāhib), and the distinct socio-political contexts within which national legal systems operate. These findings suggest that contemporary regulation of the minimum age of marriage represents a dynamic interaction between Islamic legal principles and the evolving demands of modern governance and human rights protection.
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