Synchronization and Harmonization of Land Use Regulations In Deforestation Prevention Efforts: A Case Study of Coal Mining Permits in Protected Forest Areas

Abstract

Deforestation in Indonesia is a complex environmental issue that impacts ecosystem stability, food security, and the hydrological cycle. The mining sector, particularly coal mining, is one of the major contributors to uncontrolled deforestation, especially in protected forest areas. This article examines the synchronization and harmonization of land use regulations related to coal mining in protected forest areas. The primary focus of this study is to analyze the regulatory disharmony between the forestry, mining, and environmental sectors and its impact on the rate of deforestation. The study finds that the inconsistency between the forestry regulations and mining sector policies creates legal gaps, allowing resource exploitation without considering ecological sustainability. Additionally, this article discusses the need for more preventive law enforcement through policy alignment, inter-agency coordination, and active community involvement in monitoring. Harmonizing regulations and reforming the permitting process are expected to reduce the negative impacts on protected forests and strengthen efforts to prevent sustainable deforestation.