LEGAL DISCOVERY THROUGH A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO LAW (AN INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE LAW AND IJTIHAD AND THE FATWAS OF THE COMPANIONS AS SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65049/jhetqe14Keywords:
Legal Sociology, Ijtihad, Islamic Economic LawAbstract
Abstract: This study analyses the integration between legal sociology and Islamic legal methodology, particularly through the concepts of ijtihad and fatwa of the companions, in the process of legal discovery in the development of Islamic economic law in Indonesia. Based on the view that law is not only a set of formal norms, but also a social institution shaped by cultural, economic, and religious dynamics, this study emphasises that the applicability of law is largely determined by social legitimacy and its suitability to the empirical reality of society. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, through an examination of legislation, fatwas from religious institutions, court decisions, and relevant scientific literature. The results show that a number of sharia economic practices have developed as living law in society before being institutionalised through state regulations. At the same time, positive law also functions as an instrument of social engineering to shape economic behaviour oriented towards justice and benefit. The traditions of ijtihad and fatwa sahabat reflect a pattern of legal reasoning that is contextual, problem-centred, and responsive to social needs, which is conceptually in line with the sociological approach to law that emphasises the importance of the social dimension and substantive objectives of law. This study confirms that there is a strong convergence between legal sociology and Islamic legal methodology in the framework of protecting public interests and substantive justice. Therefore, the integration of legal sociology, positive law, ijtihad, and sahabat fatwas is a significant conceptual foundation for the development of responsive, contextual law with strong social legitimacy in Indonesia's pluralistic legal system, particularly in the field of Sharia economic law.
Keywords: Legal Sociology, Ijtihad, Islamic Economic Law
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