Enforcing Music Royalties Against Franchise Restaurants: Restorative Justice and the Mie Gacoan Case
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65049/13rxx169Keywords:
music royalties, economic rights, legal effectiveness, restorative justice, collective managementAbstract
Indonesian law has obliged restaurants to pay music royalties since 2021, yet compliance among large culinary chains remained negligible until a criminal investigation was opened in Bali. This study asks why the royalty obligation produced compliance only after criminalisation, and what the Constitutional Court decision of 17 December 2025 means for the settlement model that closed the dispute between the national collective management system and the operator of a large noodle-restaurant chain. The study combines doctrinal legal analysis with a supporting empirical layer built from published royalty-collection statistics, the official tariff schedule, and a documented case timeline. Three findings emerge. First, the settlement of more than two billion rupiah, reconstructed against the statutory tariff, implies an average of roughly seventy-three to ninety-seven chargeable seats per outlet, and by itself equals close to three percent of all analogue royalties collected nationally in 2024, which indicates chronic under-collection rather than an isolated breach. Second, compliance was driven by enforcement pressure rather than by legal awareness. Third, the Constitutional Court has converted restorative justice from prosecutorial discretion into a constitutional precondition, which stabilises the settlement model but sharpens the risk of enforcement that reaches only the largest and most visible users.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Amunda Nur Alfannisa, Zahra Damayanti Gumilar, Deswita Nurhaliza, Ikhwan Aulia Fathahillah (Author)
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